Status: Abandoned
Location: 35.647768,-84.632964
Carries over Big Sewee Creek
Design: truss/bedstead/pratt
Design Details: Pratt Bedstead truss bridge
Total Length: 98.3 Feet
Span Length: 55.0 Feet
Overview: Abandoned bedstead Pratt pony truss bridge over Big Sewee Creek
History: Built 1917 by the Champion Bridge Co.; Bypassed by new bridge in 1982
Built: 1917
Location: Meigs County
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156257
Surprise Truss Bridge
Photo taken by C Hanchey in February 2010
156258
Surprise Truss Bridge
Photo taken by C Hanchey in February 2010
156259
Surprise Truss Bridge
Photo taken by C Hanchey in February 2010
156260
Surprise Truss Bridge
Photo taken by C Hanchey in February 2010
170692
Historic Ten Mile Road Pratt Bedstead pony truss bridge, crossing Big Sewee Creek
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170693
Historic Ten Mile Bridge, 1930
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed
170694
Historic Ten Mile Bridge, 80 years later in 2010
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170695
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170696
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170697
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170698
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170699
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170700
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170701
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170702
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170703
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170704
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170705
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170706
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170707
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170708
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170709
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170710
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170711
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170712
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170713
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170714
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170715
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170716
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170717
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170718
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170719
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
170720
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in July 2010
Status: Replaced by a new bridge
Location: 35.365000,-84.910000
Carries Tenneseee Highway 58 over Hiwassee River
Design: truss/through/parker
Design Details: 1 Parker through truss, with K-panels (K-Hybrid) span, 2 Pratt through truss approach spans, all riveted
Total Length: 1067.9 Feet
Span Length: 220.1 Feet
Overview: Lost through truss bridge over Hiwassee River on TN 58
History: Built 1929; demolished 2007
Built: 1928-29
Location: Meigs County
View Bridge Information In Wayback Machine
133316
133317
Status: Open to traffic
Location: 35.577778,-84.759444
Carries Big Sewee Road (NFA A022) over Sewee Creek
Design: truss/through/pratt
Design Details: 6 panel Pratt through truss
Total Length: 101.0 Feet
Span Length: 99.0 Feet
Overview: Pratt through truss bridge over Sewee Creek on Big Sewee Road
History: Built 1884 by the Champion Bridge Co.
Built: 1884
Location: Meigs County
View Bridge Information In Wayback Machine
130734
East portal
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130735
Sign
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130736
Decorative scrollwork and finials
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130737
Deck
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130738
Upper chord connection
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130739
Lower chord joint
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130740
West portal
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130741
Wooden railing
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130742
Abutment and lower chord
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130743
Battens
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130744
South oblique
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt in December 2008
130889
Vertical
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt
433375
Kings Mill Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
433376
Kings Mill Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
433377
Kings Mill Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
433378
Kings Mill Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
433379
Kings Mill Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
433380
Kings Mill Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
433381
Kings Mill Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
433382
Kings Mill Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
Status: Derelict with missing deck
Location: 35.593547,-84.712443
Carries Fezzell Road over Big Sewee Creek
Design: truss/through/pratt
Design Details: Pin connected Pratt steel truss
Total Length: 94.5 Feet
Span Length: 0.0 Feet
Overview: Derelict pin connected Pratt through truss with missing deck over Big Sewee Creek on Fezzell Rd
History: Built 1914 by the Champion Bridge Co.
Built: 1914
Location: Meigs County
View Bridge Information In Wayback Machine
127660
Overview from the south
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt
127661
West portal
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt
127662
Lower connection at abutment
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt
127722
Oblique
Photo taken by Eddie Douthitt
307823
West side profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307824
West side truss view, west bank
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307825
Bottom chords, laterals, floor beams & pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307826
Top gusset, top chord, hip vertical
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307827
Bottom chords, verticals and railings, south truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307828
Diagonal bolt
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307829
Truss with deck removed, floor beams
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307830
North truss, railing, bottom chords and floor beams
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307831
Portal bracing, portal strut and top lateral bracings
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307832
Bottom chord at pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307833
Laced verticals, north truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307842
Bottom chords at floor beam and pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307843
Bolts on floor beam
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307844
Bolts attached to floor beam
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307845
South truss profile, looking east
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307900
Mid profile, south truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307901
West end abutment
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307902
East end abutment, attached to rock
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307903
East portal bracing and struts
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307904
Diagonal crossing, south truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307905
Floor beam, lower chord and bottom lateral bracing
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307917
Railing profile, south truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307918
North truss profile, looking east
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307919
Pin connection, north truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307920
West abutment profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307921
Bottom chord profile, north truss with floor beams
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307922
South truss railing, with floor beams profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307923
Pin connection at corner gussett, north truss, east end
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307924
Bridge profile, east side looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307925
Inclined end post at pin connection, east side
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307926
Bridge railing profile, north truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307927
Bottom chord, north truss to floor beam
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307928
Bottom chord profile, and dropped diagonal
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307929
East side looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307930
Truss profile looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307931
Floor beam profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307932
Top chord at vertical, with top strut
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307933
East end railing at inclined end post
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307934
Bottom frame with floor beams, bottom chords and railing over water
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307935
Abutment into rock, east side
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307936
Bridge profile from east side looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307937
Floor beams and bottom chords
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307938
Mid north side span, profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307939
Another north side profile from east side, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307940
Holes in railing
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307941
Looking west from top of barricade
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307942
North truss rail profile, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307943
Verticals, south truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307944
West side portal bracings and struts
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307945
Portal bracing profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307946
East side truss profile, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307947
Top chord profile to strut
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307948
Corner gussett plate, top chord to inclined end post, pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307949
New bridge profile, with historic bridge at right
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
Status: Open to traffic
Location: 35.621611,-84.780250
Carries State Highway 68 over Tennessee River, Watts Bar Dam
Design: girder/deck/plate
Design Details: Steel continuous girder and floorbeam system bridge.
Bridge steel piers do not touch water. They are anchored to the Watts Bar Dam, shore to shore.
Total Length: 2359.9 Feet
Span Length: 0.0 Feet
Overview: Two-lane plate deck girder bridge anchored to Watts Bar Dam, spanning the Tennessee River on State Highway 68. Owned and maintained by the Tennessee Valley Authority
History: Bridge over the dam replaced a ferry at this location
Built: 1956
Location: Meigs County
View Bridge Information In Wayback Machine
146997
Highway 68 Bridge Spanning Watts Bar Dam
Also known as the "Aubrey J 'Red' Wagner Bridge," named after TVA's longest serving chairman. Notice the rise in bridge elevation on right, then leveling out, then rise again on left.
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in October 2009
146998
Bridge support piers secured to dam
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in October 2009
146999
Channel span over Watts Bar Dam Lock
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in October 2009
147000
Bridge Watts Bar lock support
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in October 2009
147001
Single bridge support
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in October 2009
147002
Bridge surface, looking westbound
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in October 2009
147003
Night picture of bridge and dam, looking eastbound
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in October 2009
147004
Bridge supports on top of dam
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in October 2009
147005
Watts Bar Dam and Bridge, on a full moon night
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in October 2009
Status: No longer exists
Location: 35.350857,-84.882054
Carries TN Route 306 over Obion River
Design: unknown
Design Details: Swing
Total Length: 0.0 Feet
Span Length: 0.0 Feet
Overview: Bridge over Obion River on TN Route 306
History: Built 1922
Built: 1922
Location: Meigs County
View Bridge Information In Wayback Machine
Status: Derelict/abandoned
Location: 35.613622,-84.687854
Carries over Big Sewee Creek
Design: truss/bedstead/pratt
Design Details: Pratt Bedstead Truss, with rock abutments and steel girder approaches. One single span over creek.
Total Length: 170.0 Feet
Span Length: 90.0 Feet
Overview: Abandoned one-lane bedstead pony truss bridge over Big Sewee Creek
History: One of the first bridges built in Meigs County, TN, 1910
Built: 1910
Location: Meigs County
View Bridge Information In Wayback Machine
307950
Bridge channel span, from west side looking east
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307951
Bridge approach span from south side
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307952
Channel span close up
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307953
Channel span with creek height comparison
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307954
West truss bottom chords and floor beam meeting at vertical with pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307955
Pin connection, close up
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307956
South approach span, looking north to bedstead post, west truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307957
Bedstead post, west truss, south end
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307958
South approach from bedstead post, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307959
East channel span truss profile, looking north
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307960
Bent double lattice vertical, east truss span
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307961
East truss channel span profile, looking north
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307962
Top chord at double lattice vertical, pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307963
Entire length of east truss bridge, from south looking north, east truss & approach
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307972
Full length of bridge, from west side looking east (up stream) at west truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307973
South side abutment and approach, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307974
Middle of channel truss span, at north side approach (east truss side)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307975
Top chord, with laterals and latticed verticles, west truss looking north
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307976
From deck level looking north.. on left is west truss, at bottom are floor beams
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307977
Signature bedstead post, south end, west truss,
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307978
Lower floor beams, from west truss, looking north across channel
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307979
Signature bedstead post, west truss, south side looking east
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307980
Floor beams attaching to bedstead post, and bottom bracing
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307981
Bottom bracing, pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307982
Entire length of south approach from bedstead post, looking south to abutment
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307983
View north along bottom bracing across channel span at bedstead post
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307984
Channel span floor beam profile, from south side looking north
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307985
Bedstead post pin connection to top chord and lateral
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307986
Double lattice vertical, west truss, looking north
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307987
Floor beam connection to bottom lateral bracing
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307988
Bottom chord resting on floor beam
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307989
Floor beam, double lattice vertical and lateral pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307990
Double lattice verticals profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307991
South end of channel span, looking east (up stream)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307992
Bedstead post from ground to top chord.. looking east (up stream)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307993
Old wooden railing (west truss)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307994
Lateral bolt connection (west truss)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307995
Serious double lattice vertical damage
Nearby residents tell me a huge floating tree headed down stream did this during a flood on the Big Sewee Creek
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307996
Entire channel span, looking east (up stream)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307997
Floor beam pin connection to bottom lateral bracings
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
307998
Another view of entire channel span looking east (up stream)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308004
East side of bridge from north side, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308005
Close up of east truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308006
North side profile, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308007
Steel deck beams profile, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308008
Close up of deck beams
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308009
Deck beams and west side truss, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308010
North bedstead profile and west side truss, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308011
North side bedstead post, east side
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308012
Top chord profile, west truss looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308013
Laterals, west truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308014
Bottom chords, double-lattice vertical and diagonal
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308015
Wooden railing, west truss, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308016
North side bridge abutment at end of approach
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308017
Bedstead post truss profile, north side
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308018
Another shot of dented double-lattice verticial
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308019
Dented vertical perspective to south end of bridge
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308020
Top chord, top of double-lattice vertical and diagonals at pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308021
Channel span profile, looking west (down stream)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308022
Channel span profile with creek perspective (down stream)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308023
Dented vertical perspective with top and bottom chords, east truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308024
Middle of channel span, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308025
Wider perspective of channel span, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308026
Floor beam profile, channel span looking down stream
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308027
Another bent double-lattice vertical, east truss
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308028
Middle of channel span, downstream perspective
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308029
South side of channel span, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308030
Vertical, diagonals, and floor beam at pin connection
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308031
Diagonals crossing, middle of channel span
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308032
Creek span, looking down stream
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
Status: Open to traffic
Location: 35.410208,-85.019031
Carries State Highway 60 over Tennessee River (Chickamauga Lake)
Design: girder/deck/plate
Design Details: Deck plate girder, tee beam design
Total Length: 3174.0 Feet
Span Length: 525.0 Feet
Overview: Deck plate girder bridge over Tennessee River (Chickamauga Lake) on State Highway 60
History: Replaced historic Blythe Ferry, on which site is on the National Register of Historic Places
Built: 1995
Location: Meigs County
View Bridge Information In Wayback Machine
308033
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308034
River span from south, looking north
Span #4
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308035
Shore span from south, looking north (up river)
Span #5
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308036
Tennessee River channel span from south, looking north
Span #3
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308037
River span from south, looking north
Span #2
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308038
River span from south, looking north
Span #1
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308039
Approach from northwest bank, to deck girder
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308040
Northwest approach spans profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308041
River span deck girder profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308042
River channel span profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308043
Northbound across river channel span
Temporarily one lane; stop lights at either end
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308044
Blythe Ferry Historical Marker (southwest side of bridge)
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308045
Entire bridge from original Blythe Ferry location, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308046
Approach spans, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308047
Individual approach span
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308048
Tee Beam pier, approach span
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308049
Tennessee River channel span, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308050
River span, looking south
Deck girder span #1
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308051
Approach span at northwest bank
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308052
Deck plate girder profile
#2 on left, #1 on right
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308053
Tee Beam pier profile
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308054
Another bridge profile from original Blythe's Ferry location, looking south
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308055
Bridge construction down to one lane
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308056
Bridge profile, north side, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308057
Deck girder profile, north side, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308058
Full deck girder profile, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308059
Entire bridge profile, looking west
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308060
Girder support on top of pier
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308061
Deck girder junction, north side of bridge
#3 deck girder span on right, #4 deck girder span on left
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308062
Deck girder & concrete girder junction
#1 girder span on left, concrete approach girder spans on right
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
308063
Signs at bridge construction
Photo taken by Calvin Sneed in November 2014
Status: Open to traffic
Location: 35.615967,-84.701089
Carries KY Highway 68 over Sewee Creek
Design: beam/stringer
Design Details:
Total Length: 130.9 Feet
Span Length: 44.0 Feet
Overview: Bridge over Sewee Creek on KY Highway 68
History:
Built: 1964
Location: Meigs County
View Bridge Information In Wayback Machine
434781
Sewee Creek Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
434782
Sewee Creek Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
434783
Sewee Creek Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
Status: Open to traffic
Location: 35.514663,-84.792933
Carries West Memorial Dr -KY Hwy 30 over Decatur Branch
Design: culvert
Design Details:
Total Length: 60.4 Feet
Span Length: 19.4 Feet
Overview: Bridge over Decatur Branch on West Memorial Dr -KY Hwy 30
History:
Built: 2009
Location: Meigs County
View Bridge Information In Wayback Machine
434784
Decatur Branch Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
434785
Decatur Branch Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
434786
Decatur Branch Bridge
Photo taken by Jack Schmidt in July 2018
Special Bridge Conditions Legend: R - Former location of relocated bridge. ! - At risk for demolition or destruction. X - Confirmed demolished or collapsed. S - Dismantled and/or in storage. L - Severe loss of historic integrity due to alteration.
