Gallman Road Bridge

Information and Findings From Ohio's Historic Bridge Inventory

Setting/Context

The bridge carries a bike path over a stream in a park setting.

Physical Description

Major rehab 1987. Originally in Mercer Co. as SFN 5457467 over St. Mary's River. Moved to Licking County in 2002, on a Bikeway over Raccoon Ck near Reddington and Cherry Valley Rd.

Integrity

Relocated in 2002 from Gallman Road over St. Mary's River in Mercer County (former SFN 5457467).

Summary of Significance

The Whipple truss bridge, fabricated in 1887 by the Columbia Bridge Works, is a technologically significant example of its type/design that was relocated and rehabilitated in 2002 for re-use on a bike path. Although relocated, it maintains integrity of design and materials, and thus its technological significance. The eligible recommendation of the prior inventory remains appropriate.

Double-intersection Pratt trusses, also known as Whipple or Murphy-Whipple trusses, were among the most successful of long-span thru truss designs (up to 300' long) of the 1860s to 1890s for both railroad and vehicular crossings. Surviving examples are uncommon nationally and considered technologically significant; Ohio with at least 14 identified examples dating from 1881 to 1898 (Phase 1A survey, 2008) has a very high number in comparison to most other states. The truss design is characterized by diagonals that extend over two panels. In 1847, Squire Whipple, one of America's foremost bridge engineers, developed the design figuring that the double-intersection configuration increased the depth of panel without altering the optimal angle of the diagonals, thus allowing for increased span length. His design was further refined in 1859 by John W. Murphy, the talented chief engineer of Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley RR, who substituted wrought-iron pins for cast-iron connecting pieces, thus developing the connection detail that would prove to be advanced construction practice for this and other truss designs for the next several decades. Ohio's surviving examples, which mostly date to the 1880s, were not cutting edge for their time, but they show how the form had evolved into the preferred long-span thru truss design of the period. Most have documented associations with prominent Ohio-based fabricators.

Justification

There are 13 examples of the bridge type important to the development and maturation of the pin-connected thru truss bridge. They date from 1881 and concentrated in the 1880s. Even though there are more than 12 extant examples in Ohio, each built in the 1880s has high significance based on overall scarcity (everywhere but in Ohio) of the design. This is a major and technologically significant bridge type. The bridge has high significance.

Bridge Considered Historic By Survey: Yes

View PDF Historic Bridge Inventory Sheet