Ohl Street Bridge

Information and Findings From Pennsylvania's Historic Bridge Inventory

Discussion of Bridge

The 1909, pin connected, two span, 256'-long (2 @ 128'), Pratt thru truss bridge is supported on ashlar abutments and an ashlar cutwater pier. The bridge is a complete, handsome example of a pin connected, metal truss bridge with aesthetic details, including cresting and decorative sidewalk railings. It was built by the Canton Bridge Company, a regional fabricator of metal truss bridges. Modifications have been minor, limited to the replacement in 1980 of some floorbeams and stringers, and the strengthening of some truss members by adding cover plate. The bridge also contributes to a potential historic district consisting of the NR-eligible Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad shops to its east and a working class residential neighborhood to its west.

Discussion of Surrounding Area

The bridge carries a two lane street and one sidewalk over a stream in a residential/industrial area of Greenville borough. At the southeast quadrant is the Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad shops and yard, a complex of brick buildings from the early 20th century that PHMC has identified as a potential historic district. On the west side of the bridge is a neighborhood of early 20th century, vernacular residences that may have historic district potential if it developed in association with the shops. The bridge, the link between the two, contributes to the potential historic district.

Bridge Considered Historic By Survey: Yes

Information From www.mercercotrussbridges.com Demolition Mitigation Website

Bridge Overview

This broad, two-span, Pratt through truss bridge with a cantilevered sidewalk replaced a footbridge in 1909.

History of the Construction

The construction of the Ohl Street Bridge, located on the Greenville Borough-Hempfield Township line, illustrates the planning and construction process of a metal truss bridge.

As the area's industrial center, Greenville expanded south in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and formerly vacant or agricultural land became valued for industrial and residential development. In 1876, E.W. Hodge established the Hodge Manufacturing Company on New Street. Other industries soon joined it. The largest was the Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad, which established a major rail yard, repair shops, and a roundhouse in South Greenville. Residential neighborhoods sprang up to house the employees of these plants. A footbridge was erected to allow those living on the west side of the Shenango River to reach these facilities.

 In September 1907, "not less than twenty-four resident taxpayers" of Greenville and Hempfield Township petitioned the Court of Quarter Sessions for a road bridge to replace the footbridge. The six viewers appointed to appraise the crossing agreed that a bridge was necessary and took the somewhat unusual step of recommending details, including type of bridge (single span steel truss), its length (150 ft) and width (40 ft), the need for a sidewalk, and the width of the approach roads leading to the structure. In all likelihood, this indicated that the Mercer County Engineer already knew what type of truss bridge he planned to design. The viewers presented the report to the Grand Jury on October 21, 1907. It was approved two days later. In November, the County Commissioners agreed to pay for the bridge.

The Commissioners selected the Canton Bridge Company of Canton, Ohio to construct the bridge. The Pratt through truss bridge constructed by the company was two spans rather than one and, at 256 ft, much longer than the viewers recommended. A contract between Mercer County and the Canton Bridge Company carefully detailed erection specifications. Structural steel was to be used throughout, with the exception of cast steel for shoes and bearings and cast iron for decorative elements such as the bridge nameplates, portal cresting, and railing ornaments. The bridge deck was specified as built up arched corrugated steel plates resting on the lower flanges of the steel stringers to be filled and surfaced with concrete. The center section of the deck was to be much heavier than the rest, in order to support a proposed streetcar line that was never built. This also accounts for the bridge's width.

The contract also detailed the dead and live loads the bridge had to accommodate; the degree of workmanship with which it must be erected; and even the approved methods by which it must be assembled. Notably, bridge members were to be erected using rivets driven with pneumatic hammers rather than hammered by hand. However, on-site construction specified the use of pinned connections at the panel points, not rivets. Since the bridge was replacing a footbridge, a broad cantilevered sidewalk was built on the north side of the bridge with provisions made for the possible later addition of a second sidewalk on the south side of the bridge.

 The Canton Bridge Company completed the Ohl Street Bridge in October 1909. The bridge featured decorative details designed to enhance the bridge's aesthetic appeal. The portal struts were embellished with quarter round sunburst cresting and spherical finials, and the sidewalk railing was artfully composed of overlapping strips of metal and decorated with rosettes. Inspectors appointed by the court to insure that the bridge was built as designed called the Ohl Street Bridge "first class in every respect."

About The Canton Bridge Company

 The Canton Bridge Company was incorporated in 1891. Among the original officers and stockholders was David Hammond, the "Daddy of steel bridge building in Ohio," who had previously founded the Wrought Iron Bridge Company. Hammond brought many of the Wrought Iron Bridge Company's skilled workers to his new concern. The Canton Bridge Company was a prolific designer and builder of all types of metal bridges, most notably trusses and through girders. The Canton Bridge Company operated throughout the eastern half of the country, with agents from New Jersey to Nebraska. Like most large bridge fabricators, it maintained an extensive and efficient network of sales offices and salesmen. Hammond's three sons manned not only the Midwest offices in Toledo and Canton, but also handled the company's large Pennsylvania bridge market. In 1901, the Canton Bridge Company built 25 percent of all Ohio bridges and more than 6,000 bridges nationwide. A 1902 American Pictorial Quarterly article noted that the company built bridges of all sizes, but specialized in "making highway bridges for the smaller country streams." The same article calls its plant "one of the most complete in the country." The company also fabricated turntables and structural ironwork. The Canton Bridge Company ceased operation in 1925, when it was purchased by the Massillon Steel Joist Company.

A significant portion of the Canton Bridge Company's work occurred in northwestern Pennsylvania, which was easily accessible by rail from its Canton manufacturing plant. For example, in 1914 it was awarded 16 bridge contracts in Mercer County, where it had already built a number of bridges.